Literature review: environmental management in agricultural companies focused on organic waste management

Abstract

This paper explores the critical role of environmental management in agriculture, emphasizing the efficient handling of organic waste. Agriculture accounts for 34% of global carbon emissions and faces challenges such as low production efficiency and inadequate waste management, which exacerbate greenhouse gas emissions. Between 30% and 50% of agricultural waste is organic, yet 40% remains improperly managed, intensifying soil and air pollution. To address these issues, a systematic literature review was conducted using the IEEE Xplore and ScienceDirect databases, analyzing 1,432 articles published between 2020 and 2024. The PRISMA model was applied to identify the most relevant studies. The paper highlights the necessity of adopting innovative technologies, including anaerobic digestion, advanced composting, and biochar, to minimize waste and optimize nutrient recovery. Agroforestry systems and biotechnology are highlighted for enhancing sustainability, with recent studies suggesting these technologies can reduce emissions by 25% and improve soil health by repurposing waste as natural fertilizer. Additionally, the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS), green agriculture policies, environmental education for managers, and traceability in production chains are discussed as pivotal measures. Globally, countries such as China and India are at the forefront of adopting stricter policies and emerging technologies to address agricultural waste. Effective organic waste management is essential to mitigate the environmental impact of the agricultural sector. Emerging technologies and ecological policies play a vital role in promoting sustainability, while education and awareness remain key to fostering a global shift toward greener, more responsible farming practices.