Literature Review: Rubber Waste in Tire Manufacturing

Abstract

This research examines the substantial environmental impact stemming from the accumulation of used tires, a consequence of the global increase in vehicle manufacturing. The rising demand for tires has created a severe ecological issue, with billions produced annually and only a small percentage being recycled or reused. A systematic literature review was conducted using the ScienceDirect and IEEE Xplore databases, yielding 901 records. From this pool, 20 papers were selected through Rayyan, following an exclusion and inclusion process shared among group members, which eliminated 782 records. Upon completing this process, the 20 most relevant papers were identified, offering critical insights aligned with the study’s objectives. Contamination data in Table 2 show tire disposal increasing from 1,500 tons in 2021 to 2,550 tons in 2022. Tire waste generation is particularly high in countries like China and Australia. For example, the U.S. and European Union collectively produces approximately 4,000 tons of tires annually. Around one billion tires reach the end of their life cycle each year, with over 50% discarded without adequate treatment.